High Speed systems in four European Countries

The high-speed railway systems(HGV) in France,Spain,Italy and German take account of different economic and technological constraints-as an inheritance of the historical development of the railways.Individual solutions are unavoidable,even if the technical specifications for the interoperablility of EU(TSI OF EU) are applied.Over the course of serveral decades,European HGV rail systems have developed,and in the meantime,spontaneous changes in stategies and specification have to mastered.